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Extended longevity in Drosophila is consistently associated with a decrease in developmental viability.

S Buck1, J Vettraino, A G Force

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|June 8, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Selecting for extended longevity in Drosophila melanogaster has revealed a significant trade-off. Long-lived strains exhibit reduced developmental viability and fitness, explaining their absence in the wild.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Laboratory selection has successfully generated Drosophila melanogaster strains with extended lifespans.
  • However, such long-lived strains have not been observed in natural populations.
  • Previous research has not consistently identified life-history traits linked to the evolution of extended longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the life-history traits associated with experimentally evolved long-lived Drosophila melanogaster strains.
  • To determine the physiological and behavioral factors contributing to the fitness costs of extended longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Assayed developmental timing and viability in six pairs of normal- and long-lived Drosophila melanogaster strains.
  • Included four previously described strain pairs and two newly selected pairs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Observed pupation behavior in relation to food availability.

    • Main Results:

    • Long-lived Drosophila melanogaster strains exhibited significantly reduced developmental viability, with up to double the developmental lethality compared to normal-lived strains.
    • These long-lived strains also displayed a behavior of pupating closer to the food source, which is known to decrease fitness.
    • Reduced fitness in long-lived strains appears to result from both physiological and behavioral factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Extended longevity in Drosophila melanogaster is associated with substantial fitness costs, including reduced developmental viability and altered behavior.
    • These costs likely explain the absence of such extremely long-lived strains in natural environments.
    • The evolution of longevity involves a trade-off where benefits (extended lifespan) and costs (reduced fitness) are borne by different individuals.