Treatment of mammalian cells with mimosine generates DNA breaks

Exponentially growing mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and quiescent human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were treated with different concentrations of the nonprotein amino acid mimosine for 16 h. The treatment of the cycling cell population with 400 microM mimosine caused inhibition of DNA replication, changes in the progression of the cells in the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Nucleoid sedimentation analysis and comet assay were used to monitor the appearance and accumulation of DNA breaks. The rate of break accumulation was dose-dependent, did not depend on the stage of the cell cycle and was not connected with the mechanism of DNA replication. The data indicate that the effects of mimosine on DNA synthesis and the cell cycle may be a result of introduction of breaks into DNA.