Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Abrasion of the Teeth.

The American journal of dental science·2019
Same author

Determination of the (13)C Content of Glycerol Samples of Different Origin.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2001
Same author

Classical information and distillable entanglement

Physical review letters·2000
Same author

Strategies for the Design of Drugs Targeting RNA and RNA-Protein Complexes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2000
Same author

On the photochromism of spiro

Photochemistry and photobiology·2000
Same author

Asexual sporulation in coprinus cinereus: structure and development of oidiophores and oidia in an amut bmut homokaryon

Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B·1997

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

Optically and redox-active ferroceneacetylene polymers and oligomers

Plenio1, Hermann, Sehring

  • 1Institut fur Anorganische Chemie, TU Darmstadt, Germany. plenio@tu-darmstadt.de

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Optically active ferrocene oligomers and polymers were synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling. These novel materials exhibit tunable electronic properties, with a linear relationship observed between UV-Vis absorption maxima and the number of ferrocene units.

More Related Videos

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology
07:07

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology

Published on: March 12, 2015

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds
11:44

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Published on: October 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes
09:17

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology
07:07

Synthetic Methodology for Asymmetric Ferrocene Derived Bio-conjugate Systems via Solid Phase Resin-based Methodology

Published on: March 12, 2015

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds
11:44

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Published on: October 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ferrocene derivatives are versatile building blocks in organometallic chemistry.
  • Optically active ferrocenes are of interest for chiral applications.
  • Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions offer efficient synthetic routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize optically active, oligomeric, and polymeric 1,2,3-substituted ferrocenes.
  • To investigate the electronic communication and redox properties of these ferrocene-based materials.
  • To establish structure-property relationships in ferrocene oligomers.

Main Methods:

  • Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling for sequential synthesis.
  • Orthometalation and functional group transformations for precursor preparation.
  • Cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy for characterization.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized optically active ferrocene oligomers up to the tetramer and polymers.
  • Demonstrated a linear relationship between the number of ferrocene units (n) and the UV-Vis absorption maxima (lambdamax).
  • Determined redox potentials and investigated metal-metal charge transfer bands in mixed-valence states.

Conclusions:

  • The Sonogashira reaction is effective for constructing complex ferrocene architectures.
  • Electronic communication in ferrocene oligomers is tunable by varying the number of ferrocene units.
  • Synthesized ferrocene polymers and oligomers show promising electronic and optical properties.