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Time course for bone formation with long-term external mechanical loading.

D M Cullen1, R T Smith, M P Akhter

  • 1Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA. dcullen@creighton.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|June 14, 2000
PubMed
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Mechanical loading of rat tibiae stimulates bone formation initially. New bone growth on the periosteal surface persists long-term, even after cellular activity decreases, indicating lasting structural adaptation.

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Skeletal biomechanics
  • Mechanotransduction

Background:

  • Mechanical loading is crucial for bone health and stimulates bone formation.
  • Long-term loading may lead to diminished cellular activity and potential reversal of bone gains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time course of bone cellular and structural responses to mechanical loading.
  • To compare bone formation rates at different time points (6, 12, and 18 weeks) under specific strain levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rat tibia four-point bending device to apply mechanical loading.
  • Administered loading at 1,200-1,700 microstrain (µε).
  • Assessed bone formation rates using histomorphometry, comparing loaded and nonloaded contralateral tibiae.

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Main Results:

  • Bone formation rates, including formation surface and mineral apposition rate, were elevated at 6 weeks.
  • Elevated periosteal and endocortical formation and endocortical mineral apposition rates were observed at 12 weeks.
  • Periosteal adaptation appeared complete by 18 weeks, while endocortical mineral apposition remained elevated; no periosteal resorption occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Early increases in bone formation due to mechanical loading lead to persistent periosteal bone apposition.
  • Sustained increases in bone thickness were observed in loaded tibiae through 18 weeks.
  • Periosteal bone formation is maintained long-term, suggesting lasting structural adaptation despite potential changes in cellular activity.