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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Gene gun-mediated DNA immunization primes development of mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus 1 in cattle.

B I Loehr1, P Willson, L A Babiuk

  • 1Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Journal of Virology
|June 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Mucosal DNA vaccination in cattle using a gene gun effectively induces immunity against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Intravulvomucosal delivery generated stronger immune responses than intradermal delivery, highlighting the importance of mucosal immunization for controlling infections.

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Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Mucosal Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Mucosal vaccination is key for controlling infections acquired via mucosal surfaces.
  • DNA vaccines show promise for inducing mucosal immunity in rodents, but data in natural hosts like cattle is limited.
  • Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a significant pathogen in cattle, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of DNA vaccination for inducing mucosal immunity in cattle against BHV-1.
  • To compare the efficacy of intravulvomucosal versus intradermal DNA vaccine delivery in cattle.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying differential immune responses based on antigen presentation and immune cell distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Cattle were immunized with a plasmid encoding BHV-1 glycoprotein B using a gene gun.
  • Delivery routes included intravulvomucosal and intradermal.
  • Immune responses (cellular and humoral, including IgG and IgA) were assessed post-vaccination and after BHV-1 challenge.
  • Antigen distribution and Langerhans cell populations were compared between mucosal and skin delivery sites.

Main Results:

  • Intravulvomucosal DNA immunization elicited robust cellular immunity and primed humoral responses, including high levels of IgG and IgA post-challenge.
  • Intradermal delivery resulted in comparatively lower levels of immunity.
  • Antigen expression was earlier and more widespread in the mucosa after intravulvomucosal delivery compared to delayed, superficial expression after intradermal delivery.
  • Langerhans cells were more abundant and widely distributed in the mucosal epithelium than in the skin epidermis.

Conclusions:

  • Intravulvomucosal DNA vaccination is a viable strategy for inducing protective immunity against BHV-1 in cattle.
  • Mucosal delivery enhances immune responses compared to intradermal delivery, likely due to superior antigen presentation and immune cell distribution.
  • These findings support the development of mucosal DNA vaccines for controlling economically important diseases in cattle.