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Influenza A induced rhabdomyolysis resulting in extensive compartment syndrome

J C Swaringen1, J G Seiler, R W Bruce

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|June 15, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Influenza A can cause severe rhabdomyolysis, leading to compartment syndrome and acute kidney injury in children. Early diagnosis of compartment syndrome is crucial in pediatric influenza cases with severe myalgia.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Nephrology
  • Orthopedic surgery

Background:

  • Influenza A virus infections are common in children.
  • Rhabdomyolysis is a potential complication of viral infections.
  • Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old child presented with influenza A infection.
  • The patient developed severe rhabdomyolysis, leading to extensive compartment syndrome in all four extremities.
  • Despite fasciotomies, muscle swelling persisted, indicating a primary myositis.

Findings:

  • Influenza A infection can precipitate severe rhabdomyolysis.
  • Rhabdomyolysis can progress to extensive compartment syndrome requiring surgical intervention.
  • Primary myositis may contribute to persistent muscle swelling even after fasciotomy.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider compartment syndrome in pediatric patients with influenza and severe myalgia.
  • Prompt recognition and management of compartment syndrome are vital to prevent complications like acute renal failure.
  • This case highlights the complex interplay between viral infections, muscle injury, and surgical emergencies in children.

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