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Related Experiment Videos

Negative transfer errors in sequential cognitive skills: strong-but-wrong sequence application.

D J Woltz1, M K Gardner, B G Bell

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-9255, USA. woltz@gse.utah.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|June 16, 2000
PubMed
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Increased training on cognitive skills can lead to more errors when similar sequences are encountered. This negative transfer effect, driven by implicit learning, suggests errors go undetected during task execution.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Error Research

Background:

  • Negative transfer occurs when prior learning hinders new learning.
  • Multistep cognitive skills involve complex sequences of actions.
  • The Einstellung effect describes how prior solutions impede novel problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of processing sequence knowledge on negative transfer in cognitive skills.
  • To determine if enhanced training exacerbates negative transfer.
  • To differentiate between explicit and implicit sequence knowledge in error generation.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving multistep cognitive tasks.
  • Participants underwent varying amounts of training on specific processing sequences.
  • Transfer tasks introduced new sequences similar to trained ones.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Response times and error detection were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased training led to higher error rates in transfer tasks with similar sequences.
    • Errors in transfer were executed at speeds comparable to correct responses on familiar sequences.
    • Participants did not appear to detect their own errors.
    • Evidence supported an implicit learning interpretation of sequence effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Extensive training on cognitive skills can paradoxically increase errors due to implicit sequence knowledge.
    • The findings align with the concept of the Einstellung effect.
    • Results contribute to understanding human error mechanisms within cognitive taxonomies.