Chronic-treated HIV: a neurologic disease

The concept of slow virus diseases was developed by Sigurdsson in the 1950s in studies of infections of Icelandic sheep, including Visna, a slow (lenti) viral infection of the central nervous system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to the same lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses and causes significant dysfunction of all levels of the nervous system. Highly active antiretroviral therapy should allow host control of opportunistic infections, producing a clinical state of chronic-treated HIV. However, viral persistence may occur in the sanctuary of the central nervous system. As a consequence, major disabilities in the chronic-treated phase of the HIV epidemic may include cognitive impairment, gait disorders, and various pain syndromes. Policy planning will need to take into account the long-term residential, social, and health care needs of this population.