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Complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.

E V Ananiev1, R L Phillips, H W Rines

  • 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics and Plant Molecular Genetics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108-6026, USA.

Tsitologiia I Genetika
|June 17, 2000
PubMed
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Researchers identified new DNA sequences in maize chromosomes, revealing complex structures within knobs and centromeres. These findings shed light on heterochromatin organization in eukaryotes, particularly the role of retrotransposable elements.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Genetics and Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Maize (Zea mays L.) chromosome addition lines in oat (Avena sativa L.) provide a system for studying individual maize chromosomes.
  • Understanding the structure and composition of maize chromosomes is crucial for genetic analysis and crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize chromosome-specific cosmid clones from maize addition lines.
  • To analyze the structure and organization of repetitive DNA sequences within maize chromosomes, focusing on knobs and centromeres.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of chromosome-specific cosmid clones.
  • Restriction fragment fingerprinting, DNA sequencing, and in situ hybridization.
  • DNA hybridization to a panel of maize chromosome addition lines.

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Main Results:

  • Discovery of TR1, a new family of knob-associated tandem repeats capable of forming fold-back DNA segments.
  • Discovery of CentC, a new family of centromeric tandem repeats.
  • Complex organization of knob and centromeric DNA with interspersed retrotransposable elements, including specific integration preferences.
  • TR1, CentC, and 180-bp repeats are present on all analyzed maize chromosomes, with copy number variations.
  • In situ hybridization revealed variations in centromeric tandem repeat size and knob composition (TR1, 180-bp repeats, or both), including microclusters.

Conclusions:

  • Maize knobs exhibit complex structures and polymorphism, suggesting they function as megatransposable elements.
  • The interspersion of retrotransposable elements within tandem repeat blocks is a fundamental pattern in eukaryotic heterochromatin organization.