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Lytic infection by double-strand DNA viruses and cell cycle alterations
1Service de microbiologie, hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France.
Abstract:
Polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses, adenoviruses and herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of the cells they infect and have evolved various strategies to create a cellular environment that is optimally conducive to their replication. One of these strategies consists of activating cellular genes, mostly S-phase genes that are required for the replication of the viral genome. Concomitantly, they encode one or several proteins that negatively regulate the response of the cell to viral infection, notably cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. As a result, these viruses profoundly alter the biochemical pathways that normally control cellular growth, and may thus promote uncontrolled cell proliferation. This review describes some well-known mechanisms of cell cycle alteration induced by these viruses.
Insights
Double-stranded DNA viruses like polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses manipulate host cell cycles. They activate S-phase genes for viral replication and inhibit cell death, potentially causing uncontrolled cell growth.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Double-stranded DNA viruses (polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses) replicate in host cell nuclei.
- These viruses employ strategies to optimize cellular environments for viral replication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review mechanisms by which these viruses alter host cell cycle regulation.
- To understand how viral strategies impact cellular growth control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of viral-induced cell cycle alterations.
- Analysis of viral strategies for manipulating host cell machinery.
Main Results:
- Viruses activate host S-phase genes essential for viral genome replication.
- Viruses encode proteins that suppress host antiviral responses like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
- Viral manipulation profoundly alters cellular growth pathways.
Conclusions:
- These viruses significantly disrupt normal cellular growth control mechanisms.
- Viral-induced alterations in cell cycle pathways can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation.