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A parametric manipulation of central executive functioning.

H Garavan1, T J Ross, S J Li

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. hugh.garavan@tcd.ie

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 20, 2000
PubMed
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This study investigated attention switching within working memory using functional MRI. Results show that executive functions involve distributed brain networks, not a single area.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Executive Functions

Background:

  • The central executive is a key but poorly understood cognitive construct.
  • It is implicated in cognitive models and clinical syndromes like dysexecutive syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and investigate the elementary executive function of attentional resource allocation in working memory.
  • To identify the neural correlates of attention switching within working memory.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a task to specifically vary attention switching frequency in working memory.
  • Kept storage and rehearsal demands constant across trials.
  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe brain activity.

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Main Results:

  • Identified widespread brain areas, including prefrontal and posterior regions, with differential activation based on executive demands.
  • Observed that areas sensitive to executive demands were adjacent to generally activated task areas.
  • Demonstrated that attention switching is associated with distributed neural networks.

Conclusions:

  • Attention switching, an executive function, is supported by a distributed neuroanatomy.
  • No single brain locus uniquely underlies this function; rather, it involves interconnected brain regions.