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Adaptation to spatially heterogeneous modifying and adaptive environments.

H R Gregorius1

  • 1Institut für Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung, Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweng 2, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|June 22, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors shape phenotypes, with adaptive and modifying environments influencing optimal development. Associations between these environments are key to adaptational optimization, especially for sensitive phenotypes requiring plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Phenotype development is influenced by both modifying and adaptive environments, which can differ.
  • The adaptational value of a phenotype depends on the adaptive environment, while its development is shaped by the modifying environment.
  • Optimal norms of reaction are determined by the interplay between these environments and the phenotype's sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how associations between modifying and adaptive environments shape optimal norms of reaction.
  • To explore the conditions under which environments are optimal for a given norm of reaction, and vice versa.
  • To understand the role of phenogenetic plasticity versus invariance in adaptation.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Theoretical modeling considering random genotype distribution across environments.
  • Fitness as a function of modification and adaptation costs.
  • Analysis of environmental associations and adaptive sensitivity patterns.

    • Main Results:

    • Environmental associations are primary drivers of adaptational optimization.
    • Phenogenetic plasticity is necessary for optimal norms of reaction in sensitive phenotypes under strong environmental associations.
    • Phenogenetic invariance can achieve optimal norms of reaction when environmental components are independent or costs are constant.

    Conclusions:

    • The adaptive sensitivity of phenotypes plays a crucial role in adaptation, potentially more than the shape of the norm of reaction itself.
    • Understanding the relationship between modifying and adaptive environments is essential for predicting evolutionary trajectories.
    • Environmental associations dictate the necessity of phenogenetic plasticity or invariance for optimal adaptation.