[Antiretroviral therapy. Update at the beginning of a new century]

For antiretroviral therapy (ART) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), protease inhibitors (PI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) are available, and are used in combination treatments. The use of PI is associated with new side effects, in particular affecting lipid metabolism. The objective of treatment continues to be a maximum reduction of the viral load. The question whether to treat the HIV early on or later is under controversial discussion. Simplified therapeutic regimens making possible single or twice-daily doses and the use of small numbers of tablets represent a major advance in ART.