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Related Experiment Videos

Naturally occurring tuberculosis in white-tailed deer.

M V Palmer1, D L Whipple, J B Payeur

  • 1Zoonotic Diseases Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|June 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium bovis infection in captive white-tailed deer was confirmed in 12% of animals. Many infected deer lacked visible lesions, highlighting the need for comprehensive tissue sampling to accurately assess tuberculosis prevalence.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis in white-tailed deer poses a significant threat to wildlife populations and can transmit to livestock.
  • Accurate assessment of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) distribution and prevalence is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the distribution of lesions and the extent of tissues infected with M. bovis in a captive white-tailed deer population.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of standard postmortem examination protocols for detecting M. bovis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 captive white-tailed deer.
  • Postmortem examinations were performed, with tissues collected for histopathology and bacteriologic culture.
  • Pooled tissue samples, swabs (tonsillar, nasal, oral, rectal), and environmental samples (feed, soil, water) were cultured for M. bovis.

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Main Results:

  • M. bovis was isolated from 14% of deer, but only 64% (9/14) had gross lesions consistent with tuberculosis.
  • The medial retropharyngeal lymph node and lung were the most commonly affected tissues.
  • Five deer (36%) had no gross lesions, yet M. bovis was cultured from pooled head tissues; M. bovis was also found in tonsillar swabs from two deer.

Conclusions:

  • Standard postmortem examinations focusing solely on head lymph nodes may underestimate M. bovis prevalence by up to 57%.
  • Comprehensive tissue sampling, including pooled head tissues and tonsillar swabs, is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • These findings have implications for disease surveillance and management strategies in white-tailed deer populations.