Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum: CT-pathologic correlation

We present the CT findings of three cases of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. All patients presented with massive ascites. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed omental caking in all patients. The parietal peritoneum of the pelvis showed diffuse enhancement with nodular thickening in all patients. No calcification was noted in the omental and parietal peritoneal masses, although psammoma bodies were present microscopically in one case. The ovaries were normal in size but showed a fine enhancing surface nodularity similar to the pelvic peritoneum. The CT findings of primary papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum are nonspecific, but this diagnosis should be considered when peritoneal carcinomatosis is seen on CT with normal-sized ovaries in the absence of other primary malignant neoplasms.