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Newly synthesized lithium in the interstellar medium

Knauth¹, Federman, Lambert

¹Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.

|June 23, 2000

Summary

Astronomical observations reveal a low lithium isotopic ratio (7Li/6Li ≈ 2) in interstellar clouds, confirming spallation as the primary lithium source. This finding supports models of light-element synthesis in the Galaxy.

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Area of Science:

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Nuclear Astrophysics
Cosmochemistry

Background:

Elemental and isotopic abundances trace galactic evolution and nucleosynthesis.
Lithium isotopes (7Li and 6Li) are key probes of light-element synthesis, with origins debated between primordial and spallation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the origin of lithium in interstellar clouds by measuring its isotopic abundances.
To test models of light-element synthesis through precise isotopic ratio determination.

Main Methods:

Observational astronomy targeting interstellar clouds in the direction of o Persei.
Spectroscopic analysis to determine the abundances of 7Li and 6Li.

Main Results:

The 7Li/6Li abundance ratio in observed interstellar clouds is approximately 2.
This ratio is significantly lower than the Solar System value of 12.3.
The low ratio strongly indicates that the observed lithium is predominantly produced by spallation reactions.

Conclusions:

The findings confirm spallation reactions as the primary source of interstellar lithium, validating models of light-element synthesis.
The total lithium abundance was not enhanced as predicted by some models, suggesting further refinement is needed.