Anemia: an overview of diagnostic considerations

Anemia is a significant issue in clinical practice. Reducing anemia can improve quality of life. Advanced practice nurses are critical to the diagnostic evaluation of anemia. The key to effective treatment is establishment of the anemic etiology. This can be done through a straightforward diagnostic approach utilizing the traditional history and physical, and standard laboratory assessment. The diagnostic process must be based on an understanding of demographics, normal physiology, and the pathophysiologic processes of the different anemias. Nurse practitioners are uniquely educated to assess anemia in a holistic manner, incorporating components of the history, physical exam, and laboratory evaluation into an appropriate diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is established, this same holistic assessment can be utilized to create a specific, patient-focused plan of care and follow-up.