Related Concept Videos
00:58Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
02:02Genomics
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
03:36Genome Annotation and Assembly
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 11, 2026
22:27
Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
Published on: May 7, 2010
Exploring genome space.
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Nature
|June 24, 2000
Summary
Biology is generating vast amounts of genome data, prompting the development of new technologies. These innovations aim to explore complex cellular functions and unlock novel biological insights.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- The rapid completion of numerous whole genome sequences, including the human genome, has created an unprecedented surge in biological data.
- This data explosion presents both challenges and opportunities for biological research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical need for novel technological advancements in response to the growing volume of genome-based data.
- To emphasize the shift towards genome-driven research questions in modern biology.
Main Methods:
- Development of innovative technologies for genome data analysis.
- Application of new methods to investigate cellular complexity.
- Exploitation of genomic information for biological discovery.
Main Results:
- Emergence of new research avenues focused on genome-based inquiries.
- Increased capacity to address complex questions regarding cellular mechanisms.
- Acceleration of biological discovery through advanced data utilization.
Conclusions:
- The era of complete genome sequencing necessitates the rapid evolution of research technologies.
- New technologies are essential for scientists to fully leverage genome data and deepen our understanding of life.