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[Preventive immunotherapy].

M Boquete1, F Carballada, F Expósito

  • 1Sección de Alergia, Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, España.

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia
|June 27, 2000
PubMed
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Allergen immunotherapy can prevent asthma development in children with allergic rhinitis. This treatment is safe and reduces symptoms, offering long-term benefits against allergic sensitization.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and insect sting allergies.
  • WHO recognizes immunotherapy's efficacy, particularly in children, but questions remain about its role in preventing asthma development and long-term outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can prevent asthma development in children with grass or birch pollen sensitization and rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • To assess the long-term efficacy of ASIT compared to pharmacotherapy alone in children.

Main Methods:

  • The PAT study randomized 210 children (5-13 years) with rhinoconjunctivitis (no asthma symptoms) to SCIT or pharmacotherapy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Follow-up assessed asthma onset and symptom severity. Another study examined D. pteronyssinus immunotherapy in young asthmatic children to prevent new sensitizations.

    • Main Results:

    • SCIT significantly reduced symptoms and the risk of asthma onset in children with rhinoconjunctivitis (p=0.004).
    • In asthmatic children, mite immunotherapy reduced new allergic sensitizations (45% vs. 100% in controls).
    • Long-term follow-up (6-10 years post-treatment) showed sustained symptom reduction, with immunotherapy patients experiencing 3.5 times fewer symptoms than medication-only controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Allergen immunotherapy is effective and safe in preventing asthma development and new allergic sensitizations in children.
    • Early consideration of immunotherapy is recommended to prevent allergic disease progression and long-term symptom burden.
    • ASIT demonstrates lasting efficacy, suggesting it should be a key consideration in managing pediatric allergic diseases.