Monospecific antibodies against the three mammalian fast limb myosin heavy chains

Skeletal muscle fibres in mammalian limb muscles are of four types: slow, 2A, 2X, and 2B, each characterized by a distinct myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform. Existing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against fast MyHCs lack fibre-type specificity across species and could not positively identify 2X fibres. In this work, mabs were raised against each of the fast MyHCs. These mabs were shown to be monospecific by Western blots and immunohistochemistry in the rat. The advantages of using these mabs for identifying the three fast fibre types and hybrid fibres expressing multiple isoforms were illustrated using rat tibialis anterior muscle. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the monospecificity of these mabs in the following additional species: mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, and baboon. 2B fibres were absent in limb muscles of the cat and baboon. These mabs constitute a set of powerful tools for studying muscle fibre types and their transformations.