Prune suppresses ovariectomy-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats

Elevated cholesterol among women who have experienced natural or surgical menopause has been linked to ovarian hormone deficiency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of prune, a good source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals, on lowering cholesterol in an ovariectomized (ovx) rat model. Forty-eight 90-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated (sham) + control diet, ovx + control diet, ovx + low-dose (LD; 5%) prune, and ovx + high-dose (HD; 25%) prune. After 45 days of treatment, rats were euthanized and tissues were collected for analyses. Ovariectomy elevated serum total cholesterol by 22% compared with sham, and HD prune diet prevented this increase without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Animals fed the HD prune diet had 13% lower liver total lipids compared with ovx animals. The findings of this study showed that prune exhibits hypocholesterolemic properties in ovarian hormone deficiency. Dose-response studies should be conducted to establish the effectiveness of prune in prevention of hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women who are not on estrogen replacement therapy and seek dietary alternatives. Mechanistic studies also are needed to establish its mode of action.