At risk: adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatric Medicine
• Nursing Science

Background:

• Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses diverse cardiac and vascular malformations originating during fetal development.
• Historically, many infants with CHD did not survive past early childhood.
• Significant advancements in diagnostics and therapeutic interventions have dramatically improved survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the evolving landscape of congenital heart disease patient care.
• To emphasize the critical need for specialized nursing knowledge in managing adult survivors of CHD.
• To underscore the unique healthcare requirements of this growing patient population.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on CHD diagnostics and treatments.
• Analysis of survival trends and demographic shifts in CHD patients.
• Identification of key knowledge and skill gaps for healthcare professionals.

Main Results:

• Increased survival rates for infants born with CHD.
• A growing population of adults living with complex congenital cardiac conditions.
• Recognition of specialized care needs beyond pediatric settings.

Conclusions:

• Adult survivors of CHD represent a distinct patient group with ongoing health concerns.
• Advanced clinical nurses require specialized training to address the complex needs of adult CHD patients.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal long-term outcomes in this population.