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CTXphi contains a hybrid genome derived from tandemly integrated elements.

B M Davis1, M K Waldor

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New England Medical Center, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Tandem arrays of CTXphi prophage DNA in Vibrio cholerae are essential for producing hybrid virions. This unique replication strategy allows CTXphi to maximize transmission while spreading to new hosts.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • CTXphi is a temperate bacteriophage encoding cholera toxin genes (ctxAB).
  • In toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, CTXphi prophage DNA exists in tandem arrays, often interspersed with the RS1 element, integrated into the chromosome.
  • These prophage arrays are known to produce hybrid virions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of hybrid virion formation from tandem CTXphi prophage arrays.
  • To understand the requirements for CTXphi replication and virion production in Vibrio cholerae.
  • To elucidate the replication strategy of CTXphi and its implications for transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA from hybrid virions produced by Vibrio cholerae strains with tandem prophage arrays.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of virion production in strains with tandem arrays versus solitary prophages.
  • Investigation of the role of prophage excision and homologous recombination in pCTX generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Hybrid virions are routinely produced from tandem arrays, containing DNA from adjacent prophages or a prophage and RS1.
    • Coding sequences originate from the 5' prophage, while intergenic regions are derived from the 3' element.
    • Tandem elements are crucial for virion production; solitary prophages rarely yield CTX virions.
    • Replicative form (pCTX) generation does not require reversal of integration or RecA-mediated recombination.
    • CTXphi replication and virion production do not necessitate prophage excision from the chromosome.

    Conclusions:

    • CTXphi utilizes a unique replication strategy that maximizes vertical transmission and facilitates dissemination.
    • The process of pCTX generation and CTXphi virion production is independent of prophage excision.
    • This strategy allows CTXphi to maintain its genome within the host while enabling spread to new bacterial populations.