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Hantaviruses.

C McCAUGHEY, C A Hart1

  • 1Regional Virus Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BN and *Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|July 6, 2000
PubMed
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Hantaviruses, a genus of Bunyaviridae, cause diseases like hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Global recognition of hantavirus diseases and their rodent hosts has significantly expanded.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Epidemiology

Background:

  • * Hantaviruses are a distinct genus within the Bunyaviridae family.
  • * Over 20 sero/genotypes are recognized, with ongoing investigations into others.
  • * Each hantavirus type is typically specific to a particular rodent host, with virus phylogeny mirroring rodent phylogeny.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the global understanding and recognition of hantavirus diseases.
  • * To highlight the expanding spectrum of hantavirus disease and the growing number of recognized virus types.
  • * To discuss the association between hantavirus types, rodent hosts, and disease characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of scientific literature and epidemiological data on hantavirus infections.

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  • * Analysis of hantavirus classification, including sero/genotypes and host specificity.
  • * Examination of disease patterns, including target organs and severity, associated with different hantavirus types.

    • Main Results:

    • * Hantaviruses cause two major diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Old World and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas.
    • * There is a close phylogenetic relationship between hantaviruses and their rodent hosts.
    • * The global recognition and characterization of hantavirus diseases have significantly increased since 1993.
    • * Evidence suggests hantavirus-associated human disease exists in the British Isles, though largely uncharacterized.

    Conclusions:

    • * Hantavirus diseases represent a significant and expanding global health concern.
    • * Understanding the diversity of hantaviruses and their associated rodent reservoirs is crucial for disease prevention and control.
    • * Continued research is necessary to fully characterize emerging hantavirus threats, including those in previously unrecognised regions.