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Temperament and attachment: one construct or two?

S C Mangelsdorf1, C A Frosch

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61820, USA.

Advances in Child Development and Behavior
|July 8, 2000
PubMed
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Temperament influences attachment style but does not solely determine attachment security. A combination of temperament traits, alongside caregiver factors, better predicts secure attachment relationships.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Temperament and attachment are key constructs in understanding early social-emotional development.
  • Previous research has explored the relationship between infant temperament and attachment security, with varying conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the distinct and overlapping contributions of temperament and attachment to child development.
  • To clarify whether temperament influences the type or overall security of attachment relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on infant temperament and attachment.
  • Analysis of studies investigating temperament dimensions (e.g., negative emotionality) and their association with attachment behaviors in the Strange Situation.

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Main Results:

  • Temperament dimensions, like negative emotionality, may correlate with specific infant behaviors during attachment assessments but do not predict overall attachment security.
  • A constellation of temperament characteristics, rather than a single trait, might be more related to attachment security.
  • Goodness-of-fit between infant and caregiver characteristics appears crucial for predicting attachment security.

Conclusions:

  • Temperament and attachment are distinct but interrelated constructs, not interchangeable.
  • Infant temperament likely influences attachment security indirectly, moderated by factors like caregiver personality and social support.
  • A transactional model, considering both infant and caregiver characteristics, is essential for understanding early social-emotional development and attachment.