The skin barrier: analysis of physiologically important elements and trace elements

Changes in the properties of the skin barrier should have correlates in the physiological status of the differentiating epidermal cells. However, the quantitative distributions of physiologically important elements and trace elements of the skin has been a neglected area of research for lack of tools to investigate this highly differentiated tissue. With the event of the particle probes, the electron microprobe and the scanning proton microprobe, it has become possible to investigate different aspects of normal skin physiology as well as pathophysiological processes. In addition penetration profiles of allergenic metals can be demonstrated with the trace element sensitive proton probe. Future approaches to the study of skin physiology in normal and pathological conditions should incorporate other techniques including immunological and biochemical tagging of particular cells to achieve a broad basis for interpretations of data.