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Tests of the mouse visual system.

L H Pinto1, C Enroth-Cugell

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2153 N. Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA. Larry-Pinto@nwu.edu

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|July 25, 2000
PubMed
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This study reviews visual function tests for mice, recommending retinal histology, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials for rapid screening. Further development of automated behavioral tests for visual perception is also suggested.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Forward genetics in mice requires rapid and reliable visual function screening tests.
  • Assessing visual function is crucial for gene identification and understanding visual system disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate various screening tests for mouse visual function.
  • To recommend optimal methods for visual screening in genetic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical tests: fundus examination and retinal histology.
  • Review of non-behavioral tests: electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials.
  • Summary of eight behavioral tests: maze, fear conditioning, conditioned suppression, visual placing, optokinetic nystagmus, pupillary reflex, and circadian phase shifts.

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Main Results:

  • Retinal histology, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials are recommended for rapid and reliable screening.
  • Electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials can be recorded simultaneously from multiple animals.
  • Current automated behavioral tests for visual perception are limited; further development is needed.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal histology, electroretinogram, and visual evoked potentials are currently the most suitable methods for screening mouse visual function.
  • Development of advanced, automated behavioral tests, particularly those rewarding visually evoked behavior, is encouraged.
  • Cued fear conditioning and maze tests show promise as future behavioral screening tools.