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The natural evolutionary relationships among prokaryotes.

¹Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. gupta@fhs.mcmaster.ca

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

|July 13, 2000

Summary

A new proposal suggests archaebacteria evolved from gram-positive bacteria, challenging the three-domain model. This evolutionary view explains prokaryotic diversity through natural selection and antibiotic pressure.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

The widely accepted three-domain model for prokaryotic evolution, based on information transfer genes, faces inconsistencies with ultrastructural data and gene phylogenies.
This model postulates a hypothetical ancestor lacking a cell membrane, contradicting fundamental biological principles.

Purpose of the Study:

To present an alternative proposal for prokaryotic evolutionary relationships.
To account for both molecular and ultrastructural differences among prokaryotes using established evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Analysis of conserved inserts and deletions in various proteins.
Phylogenetic reconstruction based on molecular data.
Comparison with ultrastructural characteristics of prokaryotes.

Main Results:

A close evolutionary relationship is proposed between archaebacteria and gram-positive bacteria (monoderm prokaryotes).
Gram-negative bacteria (diderm prokaryotes) are suggested to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria.
A linear, rather than tree-like, evolutionary branching order for major eubacterial phyla is deduced.

Conclusions:

The proposed model offers a more coherent explanation for prokaryotic evolution, integrating molecular and structural data.
Antibiotic-driven selection pressure is implicated as a key factor in the evolution of archaebacteria and diderm prokaryotes from gram-positive ancestors.
The linear evolutionary model suggests a directional pattern of major evolutionary changes within bacteria.

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