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Related Experiment Videos

Functional imaging of craving.

D W Hommer1

  • 1Section of Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Alcohol Research & Health : the Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
|July 13, 2000
PubMed
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Functional imaging techniques like SPECT, PET, and fMRI help visualize brain activity during craving for alcohol and other drugs (AODs). A revised model of brain regions involved in AOD craving has been developed, though further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Mental states like craving for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) are associated with specific brain activity.
  • Functional imaging techniques are increasingly used to visualize these neural correlates.
  • Previous models proposed specific brain regions involved in alcoholism and craving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity of a proposed model of brain regions involved in alcoholism and alcohol craving.
  • To review studies using functional imaging techniques to understand brain activity during AOD craving.
  • To develop a revised model of brain regions implicated in AOD craving.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing functional imaging techniques: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of findings from studies on alcoholics and users of other drugs (e.g., cocaine) during states of craving.
  • Comparison of empirical findings with a proposed model of brain regions involved in craving.

    • Main Results:

    • A proposed model suggested a central role for basal ganglia, thalamus, and orbital cortex in alcohol craving.
    • SPECT studies in alcoholics showed altered activity in only some of the proposed regions during craving.
    • Additional studies identified other brain regions involved in craving for AODs in alcohol and cocaine users.
    • These findings led to the development of a revised model of brain regions implicated in AOD craving.

    Conclusions:

    • The initial model of brain regions involved in alcohol craving requires revision based on functional imaging data.
    • Functional imaging studies have identified additional brain areas associated with AOD craving.
    • Further research is necessary to conclusively identify all brain areas involved in craving for AODs.