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Related Experiment Videos

Cytokines in aging and exercise.

B K Pedersen1, H Bruunsgaard, K Ostrowski

  • 1The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. bkp@rh.dk

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|July 13, 2000
PubMed
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Aging increases inflammatory activity, with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in older adults and centenarians. This inflammation links to dementia and atherosclerosis, suggesting exercise as a model for studying age-related cytokine changes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by heightened inflammatory responses.
  • Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are observed in centenarians and elderly individuals compared to younger controls.
  • Inflammatory markers like TNF-alpha correlate with interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-receptors, and C-reactive protein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between aging, inflammatory activity, and specific health outcomes.
  • To explore the cytokine response to strenuous exercise as a model for age-related inflammatory alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of plasma cytokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist, TNF-receptors, IL-10, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1) in young, elderly, and centenarian groups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of correlations between TNF-alpha and other inflammatory markers, dementia, and ankle-arm index.
  • Analysis of cytokine responses following strenuous exercise in humans.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher TNF-alpha levels in centenarians and the elderly correlate with dementia and generalized atherosclerosis (low ankle-arm index).
    • Strenuous exercise elicits significant increases in various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, mirroring responses seen in trauma and sepsis.
    • Aging is associated with prolonged inflammatory activity, as evidenced in Streptococcus pneumonia infection and endotoxin challenge models.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased TNF-alpha and related inflammatory markers are hallmarks of aging and are linked to negative health outcomes like dementia and atherosclerosis.
    • The cytokine response to strenuous exercise shares similarities with responses to critical illness, making it a valuable model for studying age-associated inflammatory changes.
    • Further research using exercise as a model is recommended to understand the mechanisms of age-related altered cytokine responses.