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Retinopathy of prematurity, a decrease in frequency and severity. Trends over 16 years in a Danish county.

H C Fledelius1, H Dahl

  • 1Eye Department, Hillerod Sygehus, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
|July 13, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) decreased significantly in premature infants from 1982-97. Improved neonatal care led to fewer severe ROP cases and visual impairment, even in high-risk infants.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
  • Monitoring ROP trends can reflect the quality of neonatal intensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the 16-year trends (1982-1997) in the clinical appearance of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a Danish county.
  • To evaluate the impact of evolving neonatal care standards on ROP outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ophthalmic surveillance data for ROP in premature infants born between 1993-1997.
  • Comparison with data from four preceding 3-year periods (1982-1992), totaling 814 infants.
  • Screening criteria included gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and/or birthweight (BW) ≤1750 g.

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Main Results:

  • The number of high-risk infants (GA <32 weeks/BW <1750 g) increased steadily over the study period.
  • ROP frequency decreased from 39% to 10% among screened infants.
  • Fewer infants experienced severe ROP sequels, and those initially screened 'above limits' avoided ROP.

Conclusions:

  • ROP trends indicate improvements in neonatal care quality for immature newborns between 1982-1997.
  • Lowered risk thresholds for gestational age and birthweight have reduced ROP incidence.
  • A significant decrease in ROP frequency and progression to visual impairment was observed.