Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Trends in TB and HIV care and treatment cascade, Kenya, 2008-2018.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2022

Same author

Genetic variation within the human papillomavirus type 16 genome is associated with oropharyngeal cancer prognosis.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2022

Same author

Adherence to Daily Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP in Community Health Center Populations: The Sustainable Health Center Implementation PrEP Pilot (SHIPP) Study.

AIDS and behavior·2021

Same author

Associations between oral health and general health: a surveywide association study of the NHANES.

Community dental health·2021

Same author

Can isoniazid preventive therapy be scaled up rapidly? Lessons learned in Kenya, 2014-2018.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2021

Same author

A potential role for protein O-fucosylation during pollen-pistil interactions.

Plant signaling & behavior·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

HIV/AIDS among African Americans: progress or progression?

D K Smith¹, M Gwinn, R M Selik

¹Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Surveillance and Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

AIDS (London, England)

|July 14, 2000

Summary

African Americans face a severe HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately affecting them. Urgent interventions are needed to address risk behaviors and macroenvironmental factors to reduce transmission and improve outcomes.

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

African Americans experience a disproportionately severe HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Existing interventions have not significantly reduced HIV transmission rates in this population compared to whites.

Purpose of the Study:

To review data on HIV infection, AIDS, mortality, and risk behaviors in African Americans.
To identify strategies for reducing HIV exposure and infection in this community.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiologic data.
Analysis of published, multisite studies on HIV infection and related behaviors.

Main Results:

African Americans exhibit the most severe HIV epidemic across all common epidemiologic measures.
HIV epidemic continues to grow despite available interventions.
Few intervention studies adequately evaluated or focused on high-risk groups like men who have sex with men.

Conclusions:

HIV transmission and disease rates remain high and disproportionately affect African Americans.
Further research is needed on risk behaviors, social networks, and community-specific factors.
Macroenvironmental factors like poverty, social class, and racism require investigation for effective intervention development.