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Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat
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Published on: October 29, 2014

Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli.

S D Reid1, C J Herbelin, A C Bumbaugh

  • 1Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.

Nature
|July 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary

The evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli, including E. coli O157:H7, began millions of years ago. Natural selection favored the ordered acquisition of virulence genes, leading to increased pathogen threat.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The evolutionary pathways leading to new bacterial pathogens remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding the emergence of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the evolutionary history and virulence gene acquisition in pathogenic E. coli strains.
  • To reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and timeline of E. coli pathogen evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of seven housekeeping genes to construct a phylogenetic tree.
  • Compatibility analysis to assess the impact of recombination on phylogenetic signals.
  • Estimation of divergence times using synonymous substitution rates for E. coli and Salmonella enterica.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed that recombination has not entirely obscured ancestral chromosomal signals.
  • The radiation of E. coli clones initiated approximately 9 million years ago.
  • The highly virulent E. coli O157:H7 diverged from an E. coli K-12 ancestor around 4.5 million years ago.
  • Older E. coli lineages independently acquired identical virulence factors, such as pathogenicity islands, haemolysins, and Shiga toxins.

Conclusions:

  • Parallel evolution of virulence factors suggests strong selective pressures in pathogenic E. coli.
  • Natural selection has driven an ordered acquisition of genes, progressively enhancing bacterial virulence.
  • This study provides insights into the stepwise development of pathogenic mechanisms in E. coli.