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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

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Molecular characterization of a hepatitis E virus isolate from Namibia.

J He1, L N Binn, S A Tsarev

  • 1Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. Junkun.he@na.amedd.army.mil

Journal of Biomedical Science
|July 15, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) outbreaks in Africa are linked. Genetic analysis of HEV from a 1983 Namibia outbreak shows it

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, particularly in developing nations.
  • HEV has been detected in various African countries through virus detection and antibody presence, indicating widespread circulation.
  • A 1983 jaundice outbreak in Namibia yielded HEV isolates, preserved for later etiological determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To genetically characterize Hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from a 1983 Namibia outbreak.
  • To compare the genetic sequences of Namibian HEV isolates with other global and African strains.
  • To understand the phylogenetic relationship and historical transmission patterns of HEV in Africa.

Main Methods:

  • HEV genomic sequences were detected using antigen-capture reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Nucleotide sequencing of the 3' end of the capsid gene (ORF-2) and ORF-3 was performed on one isolate.
  • Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare the Namibian HEV strain with reference strains.

Main Results:

  • The Namibian HEV isolate (HEV 83-Namibia) showed 86% nucleotide identity with the Burma strain and up to 96% with other African strains.
  • Amino acid identity between HEV 83-Namibia and other African or Burma strains reached 99%.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HEV 83-Namibia is closely related to other African HEV isolates, distinct from Burmese, Mexican, and Chinese strains.

Conclusions:

  • The HEV strain from the 1983 Namibia outbreak is genetically linked to HEV strains found in more recent transmissions across northern and sub-Saharan Africa.
  • This suggests a persistent circulation and establishment of this specific HEV subgenotype throughout the African continent.
  • The findings highlight the importance of molecular epidemiology in tracing the historical spread and evolution of viral pathogens like HEV in Africa.