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Polymorph function and cellular immunity in Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis.

G C Onyemelukwe1, R Gupta

  • 1Department of Medicine and Immunology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Niegeria.

African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Immune cell function is impaired in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, with reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity and altered T lymphocyte ratios. These immune deficits were most pronounced in patients with miliary lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding the host immune response in TB is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Previous studies suggest immune dysregulation in TB patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function and lymphocyte subpopulations in Nigerian patients with pulmonary TB.
  • To correlate immune parameters with radiological classifications of TB lesions.
  • To assess Migration Inhibition Factor (MIF) production and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) levels.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated PMN intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and chemotactic indices.
  • Assessed T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, including T helper/T suppressor ratios.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured MIF production and G-6-PD levels in patients and healthy controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly reduced PMN chemotactic and killing indices were observed in all TB patients compared to controls (P < 0.05).
    • A reversal of the T helper/T suppressor ratio was noted due to decreased T helper cells in all TB patients.
    • T helper cells and MIF index were lowest in the miliary lesions group; G-6-PD levels showed non-significant reductions in patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with significant impairment of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and T lymphocyte imbalances.
    • The severity of immune dysfunction, particularly T helper cell reduction and MIF levels, may correlate with specific radiological patterns like miliary lesions.
    • These findings highlight immune deficits in TB patients, suggesting potential impacts on disease progression and outcomes.