Overview of hepatitis B and transplantation in the hepatitis B patient

Hepatitis B is a disease that infects 300,000 people in the United States each year, resulting in 15,000-30,000 cases of chronic hepatitis. Outcomes include death; development of chronic carrier state, chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, especially those with cirrhosis, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Histologically, chronic carriers of HBsAg may have a range of degree of tissue changes, ranging from normal, to varying degrees of portal or lobular inflammation, to significant cell injury with widespread necrosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Current histological grading systems reflect both graded inflammation and stage of fibrosis.