The mechanism of interaction between visual flow and eye velocity signals for heading perception
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Updated: Oct 15, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
Published on: August 22, 2025
A V van den Berg1, J A Beintema
1Helmholtz School for Autonomous Systems Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vandenberg@fys.fgg.eur.nl
Abstract:
A translating eye receives a radial pattern of motion that is centered on the direction of heading. If the eye is rotating and translating, visual and extraretinal signals help to cancel the rotation and to perceive heading correctly. This involves (1) an interaction between visual and eye movement signals and (2) a motion template stage that analyzes the pattern of visual motion. Early interaction leads to motion templates that integrate head-centered motion signals in the visual field. Integration of retinal motion signals leads to late interaction. Here, we show that retinal flow limits precision of heading. This result argues against an early, vector subtraction type of interaction, but is consistent with a late, gain field type of interaction with eye velocity signals and neurophysiological findings in area MST of the monkey.
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