[Prosthesis: indications, contraindications and follow-up].

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Medical Device Engineering

Background:

• Tracheobronchial obstruction treatment is established using stents (endoprostheses).
• Primary indications include inoperable central airway stenoses, often due to malignant extrinsic compression.
• Excellent short- and long-term outcomes are achievable by experienced practitioners.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the established use and evolving landscape of stents for tracheobronchial obstruction.
• To discuss the assessment parameters and clinical considerations for stent selection.
• To explore advancements in stent technology, including expandable metal and hybrid designs.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical practice regarding tracheobronchial stents.
• Discussion of assessment parameters: physical exam, imaging (X-ray, CT), pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy, and quality of life.
• Comparison of silicone (Dumon) and expandable metal stents, and emerging hybrid technologies.

Main Results:

• Dumon silicone stents are widely used; expandable metal stents offer thin walls and adaptability.
• Covered expandable stents aim to combine silicone biocompatibility with metal flexibility.
• Hybrid stents show promise for versatility in treating malignant and benign obstructions and fistulas.

Conclusions:

• The "ideal" stent for all conditions does not exist; selection is often determined during therapeutic endoscopy.
• A range of stent types should be available to specialists for tailored treatment.
• Patient functional benefit must be the primary consideration in stent placement.