Dehydroepiandrosterone alters lipid profiles in Zucker rats

High free fatty acid (FFA) levels are common in obesity and in diseases such as diabetes that are associated with the obese state. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) decreases dietary fat consumption, body fat content, and insulin levels in the obese Zucker rat (ZR), a genetic model of human youth-onset obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of DHEA on lean and obese ZR serum, adipose, and hepatic tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles and serum FFA levels. Because DHEA is known to decrease fat consumption and body fat, we postulate that DHEA may also alter FA profiles and FFA levels of the obese ZR such that they more closely resemble the profiles and levels of their lean siblings. In this study there was a DHEA and a pair-fed (PF) group (n = 6) for 12 lean and 12 obese ZR. The diet of the treatment groups was supplemented with 0.6% DHEA, and PF groups were given the same average calories consumed by their corresponding DHEA group for 30 d. Fasted animals were sacrificed, and FA profiles and FFA levels were measured. Serum FFA levels were higher in obese (approximately 1 mmol/L) compared to lean rats (approximately 0.6 mmol/L). After 30 d of DHEA treatment, FFA levels were lower (P < 0.05) in both lean and obese groups. Although several significant differences in FA profile of serum, hepatic, and adipose lipid components were observed between lean and obese ZR, DHEA-related changes were only observed in the serum phospholipid (PL) and liver PL and triglyceride fractions. The slight but significant decrease in serum FFA levels may be reflected by changes in serum PL FA profiles. Specific hepatic FA profile alterations may be related to DHEA's known effects in inducing hepatic peroxisomes. We speculate that such FA changes may give insight into a mechanism for the action of DHEA.