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Attention in HIV-infected children: results from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study

J M Watkins1, V A Cool, D Usner

  • 1Childrens Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California 92668, USA. hospital.jwatkins@choc.org

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|July 21, 2000
PubMed

Insights

HIV infection in males with hemophilia impairs attention, particularly with prolonged tasks. This attentional deficit worsened with disease severity but improved with age, while intracerebral hemorrhage history impacted other cognitive measures.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can affect cognitive functions.
  • Understanding the combined impact of hemophilia and HIV on neurodevelopment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attentional functioning in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive males with hemophilia.
  • To assess the influence of HIV status and degree of immune suppression on attention.
  • To explore the relationship between cognitive performance and medical history, including intracerebral hemorrhage.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: 7- to 19-year-old males with hemophilia, categorized into HIV-seronegative controls, HIV-seropositive with CD4+ counts ≥200, and HIV-seropositive with CD4+ counts <200.
  • Neuropsychological Tests: Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Span of Apprehension (Span) to measure attention.
  • Statistical Analysis: Comparing performance across groups and correlating with age, HIV status, CD4+ counts, and medical history.

Main Results:

  • Both HIV-seropositive groups showed a decrement in attention on the CPT, indicated by increased false alarm rates over time, unlike the HIV-seronegative group.
  • Sustained attention deficits on the CPT in HIV-seropositive participants decreased with increasing age.
  • Performance on Span measures was linked to a history of intracerebral hemorrhage, not HIV status or immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection negatively impacts sustained attention in adolescent males with hemophilia.
  • The severity of attention deficits is influenced by HIV disease progression but moderated by age.
  • Comorbidities like intracerebral hemorrhage may independently affect cognitive outcomes in this population.

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