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Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Dihybrid Crosses

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genetic Variation

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Published on: March 9, 2018

Genome size variation in Arachis hypogaea and A. monticola re-evaluated.

E M Temsch¹, J Greilhuber

¹Institute of Botany of the University of Vienna, Austria. temsch@s1.botanik.univie.ac.at

|July 21, 2000

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study re-evaluated genome size in Arachis hypogaea (peanut) and its wild relative, finding significant discrepancies with previous research. Our findings indicate greater genome stability within Arachis hypogaea than previously reported.

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Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Non-destructive SPE-UPLC-based Quantification of Aflatoxins and Stilbenoid Phytoalexins in Single Peanut (Arachis spp.) Seeds

Published on: April 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Genomics
Molecular biology

Background:

Genome size variation within species is a common but debated phenomenon.
Previous studies reported significant infraspecific genome size variation in Arachis hypogaea.
Accurate genome size data is crucial for understanding plant evolution and breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate genome size and infraspecific variation in Arachis hypogaea.
To compare genome size between Arachis hypogaea and its wild relative, Arachis monticola.
To resolve discrepancies in previously published genome size data.

Main Methods:

Propidium iodide flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry were employed.
Pisum sativum was used as an internal standard for DNA content measurement.
Data from recently published Feulgen densitometric studies were re-analyzed.

Main Results:

Previously reported 2C DNA contents for Arachis hypogaea could not be confirmed; obtained values were approximately half as large.
The previously reported 1.15-fold variation within Arachis hypogaea was not reproducible.
Data indicate genome size stability among different accessions of Arachis hypogaea.
DNA content (2C) was 5.914 pg for Arachis hypogaea and 5.979 pg for Arachis monticola, based on Pisum sativum at 8.84 pg (2C).

Conclusions:

The genome size of Arachis hypogaea appears to be stable across different accessions.
Previous reports of significant infraspecific genome size variation in Arachis hypogaea may be inaccurate.
This study provides reliable genome size data for Arachis hypogaea and Arachis monticola, contributing to a better understanding of their genomics.