Functional stability of the glenohumeral joint

Normal shoulder function is determined by the stability provided by the passive, active and control subsystems of the joint complex. Given the complexity of the shoulder, it is not surprising that it is one of the most common joints presenting with pathology. Knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and the intricate relationships of each of the subsystems is essential for successful assessment and treatment. This paper presents a review of the anatomy, biomechanics and the integrated function of the glenohumeral joint which are essential for motion. The principles of rehabilitation of dynamic control of the glenohumeral joint are introduced.