The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: general overview of fluoroscopic imaging

Fluoroscopy is used to visualize the motion of internal fluids, structures, and devices. During a fluoroscopic examination, the operator controls activation of the x-ray tube for real-time imaging of the patient. The article provides a general overview of fluoroscopic imaging from its initial development to modern use. Early fluoroscopes produced a dim image on a fluorescent screen that required dark adaptation of the physician's eyes to optimize viewing conditions. Image intensifiers were later developed to replace the fluorescent screen and increase image brightness. Modern fluoroscopy systems include an image intensifier with television image display and a choice of several different types of image recording devices. Fluoroscopic equipment is available in many different configurations for use in a wide variety of clinical applications.