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Physiology in microgravity.

J B West1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0623, USA. jwest@ucsd.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 25, 2000
PubMed
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Human physiology research in microgravity is recent, revealing significant changes like bone loss and muscle atrophy. Understanding these effects is crucial for long-duration space exploration.

Area of Science:

  • Space physiology
  • Human adaptation to microgravity

Background:

  • Human spaceflight data collection is recent, primarily within the last 40 years.
  • Early spaceflight physiological measurements were limited, with significant advancements in the last decade via Spacelab experiments.

Observation:

  • US and Soviet/Russian space programs utilized different approaches: US focused on short flights with sophisticated equipment, while Soviet/Russian programs prioritized long-duration space station missions.
  • Long-term microgravity exposure data from Salyut and Mir stations provided insights, though measurement sophistication varied.
  • The International Space Station aims to integrate the strengths of both previous approaches.

Findings:

  • Key physiological changes in microgravity include bone demineralization, skeletal muscle atrophy, vestibular issues (space motion sickness), cardiovascular alterations (postflight orthostatic intolerance), and reduced plasma volume/red cell mass.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNon-NASA Center

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  • Pulmonary function is significantly altered but not critically impaired by microgravity.
  • Understanding these microgravity-induced physiological changes is essential for future long-duration space missions.

    • Implications:

    • Continued research into microgravity's physiological effects is vital for astronaut health and safety.
    • Data from past and current space missions informs the development of countermeasures for long-duration space travel.
    • Advancements in space exploration, including lunar and Martian missions, necessitate a comprehensive understanding of human physiological responses to prolonged spaceflight.