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Microgravity and the lung.

G K Prisk1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. kprisk@ucsd.edu

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 25, 2000
PubMed
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Spaceflight reveals that microgravity significantly alters lung function, improving gas diffusion and ventilation-perfusion matching. However, small-scale lung inhomogeneities persist, impacting gas mixing and aerosol deposition.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Environmental physiologists can manipulate many environmental factors, but not Earth's gravity.
  • Spaceflight offers a unique opportunity to study physiological adaptations in microgravity.
  • Previous research has explored various physiological changes during spaceflight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study lung function in microgravity.
  • To investigate the effects of weightlessness on pulmonary gas exchange and distribution.
  • To understand the spatial distribution of ventilation and perfusion in the lung.

Main Methods:

  • Conducting a series of space flights over the past decade.
  • Performing comprehensive studies of the lung during microgravity exposure.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNon-NASA Center

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  • Analyzing physiological parameters related to lung function and blood circulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Stroke volume initially increases, then decreases due to reduced blood volume in microgravity.
    • Diffusing capacity significantly increases, attributed to enhanced pulmonary capillary blood volume and membrane diffusing capacity from uniform perfusion.
    • Ventilation and perfusion become more uniform, yet residual inhomogeneity and unaltered ventilation-perfusion ratio range persist, suggesting small-scale spatial mismatches.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity induces substantial changes in lung physiology, notably improving diffusing capacity and uniformity of ventilation and perfusion.
    • Despite improved distribution, intrinsic lung inhomogeneity at the acinar scale and unexpected aerosol deposition patterns remain.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind these microgravity-induced pulmonary adaptations and residual inhomogeneities.