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Self-evaluation maintenance in a larger social context.

C J Pilkington¹, K A Smith

¹Department of Psychology, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA. cjpilk@wm.edu

The British Journal of Social Psychology

|July 25, 2000

Summary

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People adjust self-relevance of activities based on performance relative to close others. This research extends the Self-evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model to understand social comparison effects on self-perception.

Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Self-Perception Theory

Background:

The Self-evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model explains how individuals maintain self-esteem through social comparison.
Previous research primarily focused on comparisons with one other person.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend the SEM model by incorporating comparisons with two close others.
To investigate how intermediate performances influence self-definition and activity relevance.

Main Methods:

Two studies were conducted to test the extended SEM model.
Participants' self-reported relevance of activities was assessed based on performance relative to two close others.

Main Results:

Outperforming both close others led to moderate or high self-relevance.

Related Experiment Videos

Being outperformed by both close others resulted in low self-relevance.

Mixed performance outcomes or uncertainty attenuated relevance ratings to protect self-evaluations.

Conclusions:

The SEM model effectively extends to social networks involving multiple close others.
Self-perception is dynamically influenced by comparative performance within one's social circle.
Attenuating relevance is a key self-protective mechanism in complex social comparison scenarios.