Degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol and selected nitroaromatic compounds by Sphingomonas sp. UG30

Sphingomonas strain UG30 mineralizes both p-nitrophenol (PNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Our current studies showed that UG30 oxidatively metabolized certain other p-substituted nitrophenols, i.e., p-nitrocatechol, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), and 4,6-dinitrocresol with liberation of nitrite. 2,6-DNP, o- or m-nitrophenol, picric acid, or the herbicide dinoseb were not metabolized. Studies using 14C-labelled 2,4-DNP indicated that in glucose-glutamate broth cultures of UG30, greater than 90% of 103 microM 2,4-DNP was transformed to other compounds, while 8-19% of the 2,4-DNP was mineralized within 5 days. A significant portion (20-50%) of the 2,4-DNP was metabolized to highly polar metabolite(s) with one major unidentified metabolite accumulating from 5 to 25% of the initial radioactivity. The amounts of 2,4-DNP mineralized and converted to polar metabolites was affected by glutamate concentration in the medium. Nitrophenolic compounds metabolized by UG30 were also suitable substrates for the UG30 PCP-4-monooxygenase (pcpB gene expressed in Escherichia coli) which is likely central to degradation of these compounds. The wide substrate range of UG30 could render this strain useful in bioremediation of some chemically contaminated soils.