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Decrease in trunk muscular response to perturbation with preactivation of lumbar spinal musculature.

I A Stokes1, M Gardner-Morse, S M Henry

  • 1Departments of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy, and Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.

Spine
|July 26, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Increased trunk muscle preactivation may reduce reflex responses to perturbations, enhancing spinal stability. This study found lower preload efforts correlated with more muscle responses, suggesting stiffness plays a key role.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Trunk stability is crucial for preventing injury, relying on muscle activation to counteract perturbations.
  • Higher muscle preactivation might reduce the need for reflex responses to minor disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between increased muscle preactivation and the likelihood of muscular activation following transient force perturbations.
  • To determine if pre-existing muscle stiffness obviates the need for reflex responses.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study involving 13 healthy subjects with immobilized pelvis.
  • Force perturbations applied at various angles and effort levels (20% or 40% max) with varying pulse durations.
  • Electromyographic (EMG) activity of trunk muscles recorded and analyzed using Shewhart and Mean Electromyographic Difference methods.

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Main Results:

  • Lower preload efforts were associated with a higher rate of muscle responses (33% vs. 25% at high preload).
  • Significant differences in muscle activation by effort were observed in abdominal and dorsal trunk muscles, depending on the analysis method.
  • The Shewhart method showed significant effort-related differences in most abdominal and dorsal muscles, while the Mean Electromyographic Difference method showed differences in fewer muscles.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the hypothesis that spinal stability is achieved through muscle stiffness, potentially reducing the need for active reflex responses to perturbations.
  • Muscle preactivation and inherent stiffness may be sufficient to stabilize the spine against minor external forces.