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Endotoxemia alters splanchnic capacitance.

M R Ujhelyi1, A W Miller, S Raibon

  • 1University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Medical College of Georgia Department of Medicine, Augusta, USA.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
|July 26, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Endotoxin shock from E. coli rapidly decreases splenic blood volume and increases liver blood volume, impacting cardiac output. This study shows endotoxin shock does not cause splanchnic blood volume pooling.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Sepsis Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The splanchnic circulation is a significant capacitance vessel system.
  • Alterations in splanchnic blood volume can impact venous return and cardiac output, particularly during hypotensive states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of rapid versus slow endotoxin infusion on splanchnic blood volume.
  • To determine if endotoxin shock leads to blood volume pooling within the splanchnic capacitance circulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 8 farm swine for the study.
  • Administered endotoxin (Escherichia coli) via rapid (5 min) and slow (60 min) infusion.
  • Measured blood volume using Tc99m-labeled erythrocytes and radionuclide imaging.
  • Monitored mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP).

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Main Results:

  • Rapid endotoxin infusion decreased splenic volume by 45% and increased liver volume by 40%, with a 60% MAP reduction.
  • Slow endotoxin infusion decreased splenic volume by 50% and liver volume, with a 30% MAP reduction.
  • Mesenteric volume remained unaffected; total splanchnic volume decreased with slow infusion but not rapid infusion.

Conclusions:

  • E. coli endotoxin acutely reduces splenic blood volume and increases liver blood volume following hypotension.
  • Endotoxin shock does not result in splanchnic blood volume pooling and may decrease total splanchnic volume.
  • The splanchnic capacitance circulation is not a primary site for blood volume sequestration in this endotoxin shock model.