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Related Experiment Videos

Multivitamin use and mortality in a large prospective study.

M L Watkins1, J D Erickson, M J Thun

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Birth Defects, Child Development, Disability and Health, Birth Defects and Pediatric Genetics Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|July 26, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Combining multivitamins with vitamins A, C, or E showed a 15% reduced risk of death from heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. However, this combination may increase cancer mortality in male smokers.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Multivitamin and specific vitamin supplement use is widespread.
  • Understanding the long-term health effects of supplement use on mortality is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between multivitamin use and mortality from heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer.
  • To examine the impact of combined multivitamin and specific vitamin (A, C, E) use on mortality risks.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 1,063,023 adult Americans (1982-1989).
  • Comparison of mortality risks between multivitamin users (alone or in combination with vitamins A, C, E) and nonusers.
  • Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were employed to adjust for potential confounders.

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Main Results:

  • Multivitamin use alone was associated with similar heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality risks compared to nonusers.
  • Combination use of multivitamins with vitamins A, C, or E was linked to a 15% lower risk of death from heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.
  • Minimal effect on overall cancer mortality was observed, but increased risk was noted in male current smokers using supplements. Conversely, decreased risk was seen in male former smokers using supplements.

Conclusions:

  • Observational data suggest potential cardiovascular benefits from combined multivitamin and vitamin A, C, or E use.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential adverse effects of certain vitamin supplements on male smokers, as indicated by increased cancer mortality risk in this subgroup.